Type of Procedure Text

PROCEDURE

Procedure text is a text that tell us how to make or to do something in steps. The use of the text is to explain how something is done or make through sequence of actions or steps.

Generic Structure, as follows:

·         Goal/Aim

·         Materials/Tools

Steps/Methods

·         Aim/Goal, : How to make Brownies Cake.

Materials :

·         Materials are not required for all Procedure text

Procedure language structure features:

      simple present : imperative: for example, cut, pour, don’t mix, etc

      action verbs : turn, put, don’t, mix,

      connectors : then, while,

      adverbials : for five minutes, first, second,etc

Example (1) : How to make sesame drop biscuits

Sesame Drop Biscuits

Materials:

a.       2 cups flour

b.      1 ½ teaspoons baking powder

c.       ½ reaspoon each baking soda and salt

d.      Butter or margarine

e.       2 tablespoons sesame seed

f.       1 cup buttermilk Night

Steps:

·         In a large bowl stir together flour, baking powder, soda and salt.

·         With 2 knives or pastry blender cut in ½ cup butter until particles are fine .

·         Stir in sesame seed.Next Morning:

·         Add buttermilk to flour mixture and stir with a fork just until mixed.

·         Drop by tablespoons on greased cookies sheet.

·         Bake in preheated 450 degrees oven until light brown. 12 to 14 minutes.

·         Serve at once with butter.

Example (2) : How to do something

How to plant a tree

Materials

      Hoe

      Tree

      Water

Steps

Dig hole with hoe

Put tree into the hole

Pour some water into the hole

Burry the hole with around hole soil

Pour water into the hole

Overcome Teaching English Problems

By Antonius

 These Basic English lessons provide the most important learning points for Junior High school in all level. The basic english lessons  help the leaners in that level to begin their learning way appropriately. As we know that almost students in Junior High School “My School” learn english lesson through the given material by teacher at the time, so they study in a very limited scope. We can say that teacher plays much role in the activity. Therefore most of them become bored and frustrated.

To overcome the appears problems, the teacher tries to offer the learners a specific leaning Basich english Lessons. The ways are summerize the material based on the standard competency and based competency as the curriculum demanded. Then, group the material into three majors lesson sections. Last, devide the material into two semesters learning.

The application of teacher’s summary depends on how the teacher choose the best material guided to the curriculum of Junior High School. In case, the teacher must able to get and select the language used in the certain text that it will be given to the students in the  level. Also, the teacher must consider the size of the text.

Grouping material is conducted in order to make clear learning material to the certain level students. It is important for the teacher to group the material while the teaching learning proces run on time in that semester. So it is better for the teacher to make lesson plan, year program, semester program and a distribution time to the material choosen in a year. These are designed based on local and government academic calendar.

Education years takes two semesters in a year. The first and the second semesters. All school in the country follows the National Education System. There are 34-38 effective weeks for teaching and learning in a year. Particularly to grade nine, the students of grade nine usually has shorther time than grade seven and eight. Because of that the teacher must be able to set time and material involved better. In short qualify teacher who teaches in that level is needed.

Three steps of mastering Report Text

Report text is one of the five text, such as; descriptive, narrative, recount, procedure that are taught in Junior High School. Report text is taught to grade nine of Junior High School. From the teacher’s experience and other teachers sources. Here are the three steps applied for learning. They are:

I.          Definition of Report text
        Report is a text which informs something, as it is. It is constructed as a result of systematic observation and analysis.

II.      Generic Structure of Report text
1. General classification

Stating classification of general aspect of thing; animal, public place, plant, etc which will be discussed in general

2. Description

Describing the thing, animal, public place, plant, which will be discussed in detail.

III.   Language Feature of Report text
• Introducing group or general aspect
• Using conditional logical connection; when, so, etc
• Using simple present tense

Text 1

HEART

( General Classification)

The heart is the most important part of the body. It is the center of life. However, the heart is only as big as a closed hand.

The heart is a muscle and it beats about seventy times per minute throughthout a person’s life.

(Description)

The heart pumps blood from your heart to all parts of your body. The heart is made up of four chambers or small “rooms”. The top chamber are called the right and left auriclesand the botttom chambers are the right and left ventricles.

(Description)

When blood enters the heart. It is in dark reddish color because it countains carbon dioxide. The blood enters the right auricle and then the right ventricle. When the heart contracts, it forces the blood to the lungs where the blood receives oxygen. It then goes to the left auricle. The heart contracts again, and the blood goes to the left ventricle and is then forced out into the body. The blood gathers carbon dioxide and returns to the heart, and the process begins again. (Description)

Text 2.

PLANT

(General Classification)

Plants are living beings. They need food, water and air for survival.

(Description)

Plants derive their food from the earth and the air. If you look at their roots, you will find that ends of these roots are like fine fibers. We call them root-hairs. They absorb water and minerals, then transport them upwards to the leaves through the trunk and the branches. It is the leaves which prepare the food.  

(Description)

The green material, chlorophyll, prepares the food like a machine. It converts the carbon dioxide taken from the air and water from the ground into sugar with the help of sunlight. This chemical reaction is called photosynthes. In fact, the chlorophyll takes energy from the sunlight and uses it to synthesize the hydrogen from water and carbon from carbon dioxide for making sugar. This reaction also gives out oxygen and water which are excreted by the leaves.

References

http://www.reporttext.blogspot.com/

http://www.darnoji.0fees.net/

http://kbs.jogja.go.id/

Recount Text

Recount is one of five genres taught in English lesson. It is taugth to  the eight grade students of SMP. Commonly, the text demands students to comprhend the generic structure while they are assigned to construct the text individually or in group. In short, Without the prior knowlege, students absolutely unable to write or construct the recount text correctly.

Here are steps for clarifying or support the learner to master the recount text completely. Please, attention to the steps below;

First, the students must know the function of the recount text,

second, the students must know the grammar of the recount text,

last, the students must know the generic structure of the recount text

Recount text is used to tell one’s experience that happened in the past situation. The sequences events are told in good order. The recount text is usually end with happy ending. Because of that some “ writers” said that recount text is written in order to inform or entertain the readers.Recount text uses past tense form when he or she told the sequences events. The past tense can be simple past, past continuous or past perfect tense. The generic stucture of recount text are orientation, series of events and re-orientation. Orientation is an answer of who, when and where. Series of events are something happens to the writer and re-orientation is the closing of the whole stories or the conclusion of the stories.

My Adventure at Leang-Leang Cave

Orientation

On Sunday, my parents, my best fruend Novi, and I visited a cave at Maros called Leang-leang . It was my first time to visit the cave, better yet, my best friend came to visit it with me!

Events 1

The cave was famous for its primitive cave wall paintings which were some hand prints and wild boar paintings. The cave and its surroundings was turned into a national park, so it was taken care of. My parents took a rest in a small hut for visitors of the park, while Novi and I adventured around the cave with a guide. We had to climb some metal stairs to get to the cave, because the cave was embedded into a small mountain. Next stop was a place where some seashells littered the ground and some were actually piled into a big mound! The guide said that these piles of seashells are called kjokkenmoddinger, or kitchen trash.

Events 2

The humans who lived here ate the shells and dumped the left overs in their 'kitchen'. The last place was a small museum where they have skeletons of the humans who lived in the caves. The skeletons along with some roughly made jewelry and weapons were placed inside glass cases for display. The walls of the museum were adorned with photographs taken when they did an excavation there.

Re-0rientation

After a quick lunch with Novi and my parents, we decided it was time to go back home. We really had the time of our lives!

Success Way To Master Simple Past Tense

There are four success way of learning Simple Past Tense. They are simple and easy to comprehend. The ways are;

1.    Kind of sentence

2.    Form of sentence

3.    Verb and be

4.    Adverb usedA

No learners are able to write Simple past Tense sentence without having a very important  knowledge, such as;  kind of sentence, form of sentence verb and be, also adverb used. In this article, a writer offers the practical way to learn Simple Past tense.

1.    Kind of sentence

There are two kind of sentences that are usually tought to the students. They are verbal sentence and nominal sentence.

2.    Form of sentence

There are three forms of sentences that are usually introduced to the students. They are affirmative, negative and interrogative.

3.    Verb  and be

a.      Verb ( regular and irregular verb, as listed to an English dictionary )

-          Infinitive (V1)

-          Preterite (V2)

Infinitive is used to the NEGATIVE and INTERROGATIVE sentence, but preterite is used to the AFFIRMATIVE sentence

b.      Be ( was and were )

-          Was ( he, she, it or I )

-          Were (they, we or you

4.    Adverb used

The adverbs used to this tense are;

-          This morning

-          Last night, last week, last month

-          Yesterday

-          Once upon

-          Ago

THE TEACHING OF SIMPLE PAST TENSE

BY Anton

Description

Most students of Junior High school (SMP) say that the way of learning Simple Past Tense need more practises. That means students must know the stages to learn The Simple Past Tense, here are the stages that most helpful to the learners, they are ;

Materials

1.    The function of the Simple Past Tense

2.    The kind of the Simple Past Tense sentence

3.    The form of the Simple Past Tense sentence

Applying the theory may not effective, it sometimes makes the learners becomes frustrated. Therefore the teacher should combine the teaching ways such as a theory and practises.

Teaching ways

A.      A theory of Simple Past Tense

A.1. The function of Simple Past tense

Simple Past Tense is used to express past activity or past action with a definite time.

A.2. The Kind of Simple Past Tense sentence

There are two kinds of sentences in the Simple Past Tense, they are verbal and nominal sentences. Verbal means the sentence must use infinitive and preterite in writing sentences. It can be seen to the regular an irregular verb table.

A.3. The Form of The Simple Past Tense Sentences

       There are three form of Simple Past Tense sentences, they are affirmative, negative and interrogative

B.       Practises

Practises should be given as more as possible to the students because the students are expected to be able to write the form of the sentences at the end of the teaching an learning the materials. The test should start from the simple to the complete ones. The simple test means that test is constructed by inserting word to incomplete sentences. On the other hand, the complete test means that the students try to construct the form of the sentence by allow them to write according to the their knowledge of The Simple Past Tense that they get from prior teaching and learning process.

Examples

1.      Brown waited bus yesterday.

He did not wait bus yesterday

Did he wait bus yesterday?

2.      Brown was at school this morning

He  was not at school this morning

Was he at school this morning?

3.      Brown and kelly were at the hotel last night

They were not at the hotel last night

Were they at the hotel last night

Conclusion

            The pattern of writing sentences based on th kind and the form as follows;

Verbal sentences

Affirmative : subject +V2 +object+adverb

Negative : subject + did not +V1+object+adverb

Interrogative : Did +subject + V1 + object + adverb?

Nominal sentences

            Affirmative : (he, she, it, I) + was +object + adverb

            Negative : ( He, She, It, I) + was not + adverb

            Interrogative : was + (he, she, it, I) +object + adverb?

            Affirmative: (You, We, They) +were+object+adverb

            Negative : (you, we, they) + were not + object + adverb

            Interrogative: were + (you,we, they)+object+adverb?

Exercise one : complete the sentence with an appropriate word!

1.                   Richard played quitar last night.

He (a)....................., (b)...............last night

(c)............. he (d)........... last night?

            2.         They(a) ....... there anymore

                         They(b) ............... there anymore

                         (c)............ they there anymore?

            3          My father (a)........ sick two years ago

                        He (b)...........sick two years ago

                        (c) ................ he sick years ago?

Exercise two: tell your yesterday activity with the best grammar used!

                       

Example :        Last week, I went to pontianak. I bought some apples. The apples were not sweet because some of them were not kept to the refrigerator. I was really sad. I did not want to go there anymore.